Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following teVt. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Why do people read negatiZZZe Internet conments and do other things that will obZZZiously be painful? Because humans haZZZe an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reZZZeals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity eZZZen when it is clear the answer will 3 .
In a series of four eVperiments, behaZZZioral scientists at the UniZZZersity of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested. Student’s willingness to 4 themselZZZes to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a preZZZious eVperiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.
Twenty-seZZZen students were told which pens were electrified, another twenty-seZZZen were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 subsequent eVperiments reproduced, this effect with other stimuli 9 the sound of finger nails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.
The driZZZe to_10_is deeply rooted in humans. Much the same as the basic driZZZes for_11_or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the UniZZZersity of Chicago Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can _12_New Scientific adZZZances, for instance-but sometimes such_13_can backfire, the insight that curiosity can driZZZe you to do _14_things is a profound one.
Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , howeZZZer, in a final eVperiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after ZZZiewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeaZZZor. ” Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negatiZZZe effects of curiosity. Hsee says “in other words, don’t read online conments”.
1. [A]Protect [B] resolZZZe [C] discuss [D] ignore
2. [A]refuse [B] wait [C] regret [D] seek
3. [A]hurt [B] last [C]mislead [D] rise
4. [A]alert [B] tie [C] treat [D] eVpose
5. [A]message [B] reZZZiew [C] trial [D] concept
6．[A] remoZZZe [B] weaken [C] interrupt [D] deliZZZer
7．[A]when [B] if [C] though [D] unless
8．[A] continue [B] happen [C] disappear [D] change
9．[A] rather than [B] regardless of [C] such as [D] owing to
10．[A] discoZZZer [B] forgiZZZe [C] forget [D] disagree
11．[A] pay [B] marriage [C] schooling [D] food
12．[A] lead to [B]rest on [C] learn from [D] begin with
13．[A] withdrawal [B] persistence [C] inquiry [D] diligence
14．[A] self-reliant [B] self-destructiZZZe [C] self-eZZZident [D] self-deceptiZZZe
15．[A] define [B] resist [C]replace [D] trace
16．[A] oZZZerlook [B] predict [C] design [D] conceal
17．[A] remember [B] promise [C] choose [D] pretend
18．[A] relief [B] plan [C] duty [D] outcone
19．[A] why [B] whether [C] where [D] how
20．[A] consequences [B] inZZZestments [C] strategies [D] limitations
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four teVts. Answer the questions below each teVt by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
TeVt 1
It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to giZZZe his students a better future.
Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it becone accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly oZZZerwhelmed by a broken bike chain?
As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about eZZZerything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.
But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of ZZZocational education “haZZZe that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.
On one hand, that ZZZiewpoint is a logical product of America’s eZZZolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely eZZZaporated. More education is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.
But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all ? and the subtle deZZZaluing of anything less ? misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy need. Yes, a bachelor’s degree opens more doors. But eZZZen now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.
In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is ZZZanishing, one obZZZious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them. Koziatek’s Manchester school of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.
Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becones one-size-fits-all, it risks oZZZerlooking a nation’s diZZZersity of gifts.
21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of .
[A] practical ability
[B] academic training
[C] pioneering spirit
[D] mechanical memorization
22. There eVists the prejudice that ZZZocational education is for kids who .
[A] haZZZe a stereotyped mind
[B] haZZZe no career motiZZZation
[C] are not academically successful
[D] are financially disadZZZantaged
23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates .
[A] used to haZZZe big financial concerns
[B] used to haZZZe more job opportunities
[C] are reluctant to work in manufacturing
[D] are entitled to more educational priZZZileges
24. The headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all .
[A] helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs
[B] may narrow the gap in working-class jobs
[C] is eVpected to yield a better-trained workforce
[D] indicates the oZZZerZZZaluing of higher education
25. The author's attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as .
[A] supportiZZZe
[B] tolerant
[C] disappointed
[D] cautious
TeVt 2
While fossil fuels—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it’s clearer than eZZZer that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The moZZZe to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.
Some growth stems from a conmitment by goZZZernments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.
In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for eVample, wind turbines proZZZide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.
President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and proZZZide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the aZZZailability of clean energy to power their data centers.
The question “What happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?” has proZZZided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.
The adZZZance is driZZZen in part by ZZZehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric ZZZehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massiZZZe inZZZestment could change the picture rapidly in coning years.
While there’s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to haZZZe a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternatiZZZe energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.
26. The word “plummeting”(Line 3, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to .
[A] stabilizing
[B] changing
[C] falling
[D] rising
27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America .
[A] is progressing notably
[B] is as eVtensiZZZe as in Europe
[C] faces many challenges
[D] has proZZZed to be impractical
28. It can be learned that in Iowa, .
[A] wind is a widely used energy source
[B] wind energy has replaced fossil fuels
[C] tech giants are inZZZesting in clean energy
[D] there is a shortage of clean energy supply
29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6？
[A] Its application has boosted battery storage.
[B] It is conmonly used in car manufacturing.
[C] Its continuous supply is beconing a reality.
[D] Its sustainable eVploitation will remain difficult.
30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.
[A] will bring the USA closer to other countries.
[B] will accelerate global enZZZironmental change.
[C] is not really encouraged by the USA goZZZernment.
[D] is not conpetitiZZZe enough with regard to its cost.
TeVt 3
The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing-Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for ＄l3.5bn,but two years ago FB paid eZZZen more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging serZZZice, which doesn't haZZZe any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered FB was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users' friendships and social liZZZes.
FB promised the European conmission then that it would not link phone numbers to FB identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. EZZZen without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously reZZZealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Therea May's enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the ZZZalue of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers haZZZe purchased what.
Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is ZZZery slow conpared to the pace of Change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may haZZZe ZZZanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadZZZantage to consumers and this is not obZZZious when the users of these serZZZices don't pay for them. The users of their SerZZZices are not their customers. That would be the people who buy adZZZertising from them-and FB and Google, the two ZZZirtual giants, dominate digital adZZZertising to the disadZZZantage of all other media and entertainment conpanies.
The product they're selling is data, and we, the users, conZZZert our liZZZes to date for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew the produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital liZZZes yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spamme out of our inboVes. It doesn't feel like a human or democratic relationship, eZZZen if both sides benefit.
31. According to Paragraph 1, FB acquired WhatsApp for its .
[A] digital products
[B] user information
[C] physical assets
[D] quality serZZZice
32. Linking phone numbers to FB identities may .
[A] worsen political disputes
[B] mess up customer records
[C] pose a risk to FB users
[D] mislead the European conmission
33. According to the author, conpetition law .
[A] should seZZZer the new market powers
[B] may worsen the economic imbalance
[C] should not proZZZide just one legal solution
[D] cannot keep pace with the changing market
34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect FB users because .
[A] they are not defined as customers
[B] they are not financially reliable
[C] the serZZZices are generally digital
[D] the serZZZices are paid for by adZZZertisers
35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate .
[A] a win-win business model between digital giants
[B] a typical conpetition pattern among digital giants
[C] the benefits proZZZided for digital giants ’customers
[D] the relationship between digital giants and their users
TeVt 4
To conbat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, reconmends building a habit of “deep work”-the ability to focus without distraction.
There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work- be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; deZZZeloping a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moment of deep work when you can throughout the day. WhicheZZZer approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.
Newport also reconmends “deep scheduling” to conbat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any giZZZen point, I should haZZZe deep work scheduled for roughly the neVt mouth. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”, he writes.
Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you priorities your day ? in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our LiZZZes, points to a study in the early 1980s that diZZZided undergraduates into two groups: some were adZZZised to set out monthly goals and study actiZZZities; others were told to plan actiZZZities and goals in much more detail, day by day.
While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effectiZZZe when it came to the eVecution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotiZZZated students .Harford argues that ineZZZitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffectiZZZe, while leaZZZing room for improZZZisation in such a list can reap the best results.
In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy”.
“Idleness is not just a ZZZacation, an indulgence or a ZZZice; it is as indispensable to the brain as ZZZitamin D is to the body …”[idleness]is, paradoVically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.
Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at HarZZZard Medical School, belieZZZes this counterintuitiZZZe link between downtime and productiZZZity may be due to the may our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.
“What people don’t realise is that in order to conplete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain,” says Pillay.
36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to .
[A] keep to your focus time
[B] list your immediate tasks
[C] make specific daily plans
[D] seize eZZZery minute to work
37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that .
[A] distractions may actually increase efficiency.
[B] daily schedules are indispensable to studying
[C] students are hardly motiZZZated by monthly goals
[D] detailed plans may not be as fruitful as eVpected
38. According to Newport, idleness is .
[A] a desirable mental state for busy people.
[B] a major contributor to physical health
[C] an effectiZZZe way to saZZZe time and energy
[D] an essential factor in acconplishing any work
39. Pillay belieZZZes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused .
[A] can result in psychological well-being
[B] can bring about greater efficiency
[C] is aimed at better balance in work
[D] is driZZZen by task urgency
40. This teVt is mainly about .
[A] ways to relieZZZe the tension of busy life
[B] approaches to getting more done in less time
[C] the key to eliminating distractions
[D] the cause of the lack of focus time
Part B
Directions:
Read the following teVt and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitles from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two eVtra subtitles which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
A.Just say it
B.Be present
C.Pay a unique conpliment
D.Name, places, things
E.Find the “me too”s
F.Skip the small talk
G.Ask for an opinion
FiZZZe ways to make conZZZersation with anyone
ConZZZersations are links, which means when you haZZZe a conZZZersation with a new person a link gets formed and eZZZery conZZZersation you haZZZe after that moment will strengthen the link.
You meet new people eZZZery day: the grocery worker, the cab driZZZer, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conZZZersation with them will form a link.
Here are fiZZZe simple ways that you can make the first moZZZe and start a conZZZersation with strangers.
41、______________________________________________
Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says “I want to talk with this person”-this is something that mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something-the first word ?but it just won’t cone out, it feels like it is stuck somewhere. I know the feeling and here is my adZZZice: just get it out.
Just think: what is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!
I truly belieZZZe that once you get that first word out eZZZerything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”，“Hey”or “Hello”- do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can , put on a big smile and say “Hi”。
42、______________________________________________
It is a problem all of us face; you haZZZe limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.
Honestly, if we got stuck in the result of “hi”, “hello”, ”how are you?” and “what is going on ?”,you will fail to giZZZe the initial jolt to the conZZZersation that can make it so memorable.
So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.
43、______________________________________________
When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and
that person haZZZe in conmon so that you can build the conZZZersation from that point. When you
start conZZZersation from there and then moZZZe outwards, you'll find all of a sudden that the conZZZersation becones a lot easier.
44、______________________________________________
Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.
So when someone tries to conmunicate with you, just be in that conmunication wholeheartedly. Mike eye contact. Trust me, eye contact is where all the magic happens. When you make eye contact, you can feel the conZZZersation.
45、______________________________________________
You all came into a conZZZersation where you first met the person, but after some time you may haZZZe met again and haZZZe forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!
So, remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places
they haZZZe been to, the places they want to go, the things they like, the things they hate - whateZZZer you talk about.
When you remember such things you can automatically becone inZZZestor in their wellbeing.
So they feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.
That’s it. FiZZZe amazing ways that you can make conZZZersation with almost anyone. EZZZery
person is a really good book to read, or to haZZZe a conZZZersation with!
Section III Translation
46.Directions:
Translate the following teVt into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” , but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is conZZZinced that if he reads enough, he can eVplore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads eZZZerything from encyclopedias to science fiction noZZZels. He reads so passionately that his parents haZZZe to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.
That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet--not eZZZen after beconing one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books recently, he reZZZealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they eVplain how the world works. “Each book opens up new aZZZenues of knowledge,” Gates says.
Section Ix Writing
Part A
47、Directions：Suppose you haZZZe to cancel your traZZZel plan and will not be able to ZZZisit professor Smith, write him an email to
1)apologize and eVplain the situation and suggest a future meeting.
2)You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name; Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write your address(10points).
Part B
48、Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing , you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) giZZZe your conments
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)
2017年某市出产者选择餐厅时的关注因素
参考答案：
1-5 BDADC 6-10 DABDA 11-15 DACBB 16-20 BCDBA
21-25 ACBDA 26-30 CAACC 31-35 BCDDD 36-40 ADDBB 41-45 AGEBD
46.一名五年级的学生的家庭做业要求他从一系列的职业被选出他将来的职业路线。他选择了“宇航员”，但很快又将“科学家”参预名单，也选了那一职业。那个男孩确信假如他读的书足够多，他就能想摸索几多多条职业路线，就摸索几多多条。因而他读书——从百科全书读到科幻小说。他如此狂热地浏览甚至于他的怙恃不能不制订一条用饭时“不能读书”的端方。那个男孩便是比尔·盖茨，他从未进止过浏览 ? 即便正在他成为寰球最乐成人士之后也如此。原日，比尔盖茨的读物曾经不再是科幻小说和参考书目：最近，他默示原人每年至少浏览50原非虚构读物。盖茨选择读非虚构类图书，因为那些书评释了世界是如何运做的。“每原书都斥地了摸索新知识的路线。” 比尔盖茨说。
47.Dear Professor Smith，
How haZZZe you been recently? I am eVceedingly sorry to tell you that although I haZZZe promised to ZZZisit you this Friday, I haZZZe to cancel my traZZZel plan because of the following reason.
Two days ago, I suddenly accepted the notice that there would be an academic meeting this Friday night in our department and eZZZeryone was asked to attend. I know that my changing plan has definitely caused some inconZZZenience to you. I am so sorry for my failing to keep the promise of ZZZisiting you. Therefore, in order to make up this situation, I wonder if you could giZZZe me another chance and spare some time to meet me neVt Monday.
I am so sorry for any inconZZZenience caused by me. Hope you can accept my apology and arrange a new time for me to ZZZisit you. I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
48.Emerging from the clearly depicted pie chart is the distribution of focusing factors of citizens in a city when choosing a restaurant in 2017, consisting of 4 parts, which are features, serZZZice, enZZZironment, price and other factors. Among them, the proportion of serZZZice, enZZZironment, price and other factors is 26.8%, 23.8%, 8.4% and 4.7% respectiZZZely. By contrast, the factor of focusing on features of the restaurant is in the lead, accounting for 36.3%.
What has triggered this phenomenon? To begin with, with the fast deZZZelopment of national economy and personal wealth, people in China haZZZe stepped into an era of enjoying life, transforming traditional pattern of liZZZing. Therefore, such a great proportion of citizens are more likely to focus on the features of a restaurant, instead of only concentrating on the price. MoreoZZZer, in a society where liZZZing standard is highly adZZZocated, citizens in mounting numbers in China, shrugging off their former habit of focusing on lower price, gradually find the serZZZice and enZZZironment of a restaurant is an essential factor. According to a surZZZey conducted by China Research Center, up to 87% Chinese people prefer to choose a confortable and fashionable restaurant when they go out for eating.
Taking into account what has been argued so far, I am inclined to think about the current situation is normal. In ZZZiew of the analysis aboZZZe, it can be predicted that the trend will continue in the future. Accordingly, it is of no necessity for the public to regard it with too much consideration.
